Three casino companies have filed a $267 million racketeering lawsuit against former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich and a prominent racetrack owner over a controversial law that requires casinos to funnel part of their revenues to struggling horse tracks.
The complaint, filed in U.S. District Court in Chicago on June 12, 2009, grew out of a federal investigation into an alleged pay-to-play scheme the former governor is accused of running.
The Supreme Court issued its opinion on June 8, 2009 upholding the District Court’s refusal to instructthe jury that an association-in-fact enterprise must have an ascertainable structure beyond that inherent in the pattern of racketeering activity in which it engages. Judge Alito wrote: “From the terms of RICO, it is apparent that an association-in-fact enterprise must have at least three structural features: a purpose, relationships among those associated with the enterprise, and longevity sufficient to permit these associates to pursue the enterprise's purpose. As we succinctly put it in Turkette, an association-in-fact enterprise is ‘a group of persons associated together for a common purpose of engaging in a course of conduct.’ 452 U.S., at 583.” See Boyle v. U.S., 2009 WL 1576571 (U.S.)
A federal appeals court reversed a trial court’s decision denying class certification to a group of Mohawk Industries Inc. employees who claim the company ran afoul of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act by hiring illegal aliens, allegedly pushing down the plaintiffs' wages.
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit handed down a 22-page ruling on May 14, 2009 holding that the district court abused its discretion when it denied the plaintiffs' motion seeking class certification.
A federal district court has denied Countrywide Financial Corp.’s motion to dismiss a consolidated class action complaint against the lender. Judge Dana M. Sabraw, who is overseeing the multidistrict litigation against Countrywide entitled In Re Countrywide Financial Corp Mortgage Marketing and Sales Practices Litigation, sustained all claims for the majority of plaintiffs. The plaintiffs in the consolidated actions Levas v. Bank of America Corp., Jackson v. Countrywide Financial Corp. and White v. Countrywide Financial Corp. accuse Countrywide of steering borrowers into risky and inappropriate subprime mortgages irrespective of their suitability to borrowers in order to maximize profits. Whatley Drake & Kallas, LLC is co-lead interim class counsel in the multidistrict litigation.
On May 28, 2009 Loretta King, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division, and Matt J. Whitworth, Acting U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Missouri, announced that 12 defendants, including eight Uzbekistan nationals, have been charged in a 45-count indictment returned by a federal grand jury in Kansas City, Mo., on May 6, 2009, on RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) charges related to labor racketeering, forced labor trafficking and immigration and other violations in 14 states.
The RICO indictment alleges that, since January 2001, the criminal enterprise carried out unlawful activities to further the enterprise. Among the criminal acts alleged in a pattern of racketeering activity are forced labor trafficking, identity theft, harboring illegal aliens, mail fraud, conspiracy to commit money laundering, transporting illegal aliens, visa fraud, extortion, interstate travel in aid of racketeering, wire fraud and inducing the illegal entry of foreign nationals. Many of the workers were employed at hotels in the Kansas City area and in Branson, Mo.
According to the indictment, Abrorkhodja Askarkhodjaev owned and operated a labor leasing company, Giant Labor Solutions, in Kansas City, MO. Through Giant Labor and a dozen other businesses that he associated with or controlled as part of the alleged criminal enterprise, Askarkhodjaev allegedly secured fraudulent labor leasing contracts from clients in the hotel/resort, casino and construction industries in Missouri, Kansas, Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, South Carolina and Wyoming. The criminal enterprise allegedly used illegal aliens to fulfill labor contracts for housekeeping, cleaning services and other duties. The workforce was predominately comprised of foreign nationals, the indictment says, who either entered the United States illegally, overstayed their visas, or did not have legal authorization to reside or work in their specific locations during their term of employment.
The federal indictment also alleges that Askarkhodjaev and others aided and abetted each other to obtain the labor and services of a person by means of serious harm and threats of serious harm, and by means of the abuse and threatened abuse of law and legal process.
According to the indictment, the enterprise required the foreign nationals to work where the enterprise assigned them. However, the enterprise threatened to cancel the immigration status of foreign nationals who refused to work as directed by the enterprise. The enterprise allegedly charged the foreign nationals numerous fees. It further profited, the indictment says, by requiring the foreign national workers to reside in apartments it exclusively secured, controlled and for which it charged exorbitant rents. According to the indictment, the enterprise often threatened to cancel the immigration status of foreign nationals who requested permission to seek alternative housing.
Allegedly, these fees and expenses, combined with the lack of payment for hours worked, underpayment for hours worked and lack of work assignments, often resulted in the foreign national workers receiving a paycheck with negative earnings. The enterprise allegedly ensured that the workers did not make enough to repay their debt, to purchase a plane ticket home, or pay for their own living expenses while in the United States. It further controlled the foreign national workers in the Kansas City area by not allowing them to receive mail.
Altria Group Inc. and other U.S. cigarette makers lost an appeal of a lower court’s decision that the companies violated racketeering laws and barring them from marketing cigarettes as “light” or “low-tar.”
The U.S. Court of Appeals in Washington today upheld U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler’s August 2006 ruling, which found that the companies conspired for decades to defraud the public and were likely to violate racketeering laws in the future. Today’s decision is a victory for the Justice department, which sued the industry in 1999.
“The district court found -- permissibly in our view -- that the enterprise had the common purpose of obtaining cigarette proceeds by defrauding existing and potential smokers,” the appeals court said in its 3-0 decision.
The companies had argued that the ban on “light” and “low-tar” descriptors, which was delayed pending the appeal, would cost hundreds of millions of dollars and would “fundamentally alter the business landscape.”
Altria and its Philip Morris USA unit said in a statement today that they intend to appeal. Reynolds American Inc.’s R.J. Reynolds Tobacco also said it will appeal.
For the past few decades the largest Hispanic street gang, the Latin Kings, wreaked havoc in many large cities around the country, initiating in Chicago as the result of prejudice against Puerto Rican immigrants in the 1940s. While they were originally not great in numbers, their increased propensity for violence caused them to be a force to be reckoned with in Chicago, competing against larger gangs in the area. Their inevitable downfall did not occur until 2006, when RICO conspiracy charges brought down the majority of the state leadership members. A total of 39 were arrested, furthering the stipulation that RICO laws are successful in bringing down any gang-related criminals.
The Latin Kings have been a difficult gang in which to determine criminal activity; it was uncertain for years as to whether or not they stood as a negative criminal force, or a positive community organization. The stages of consciousness, according to the “Latin King Manifesto”, involve a rigorous state of mind for years. The primitive stage usually involves a new member to be subjected to the gang life and therefore participate in much gang-related behavior on the street. The majority of the Latin Kings remain in this stage for most of their gang life, and it is this reason why the public assumes the group in general is responsible for gang-related activity. However, the next stage is the Conservative stage wherein a member no longer actively participates in street violence but is still wholly aware of the racial lines that exist in most of humanity. As the gang is prevalent in Chicago, there are many racial barriers to break through and many different nationalities that live within inner city streets. Additionally, Puerto Rican immigrants were discriminated against for many years within urban cities such as this one, and the Kings have held onto this past hatred for decades in an attempt to bring awareness to their own communities. The final stage, however, is the New King Stage in which the member recognizes the freedom of a revolution of the mind. This final stage is the end product of years of enlightenment where one’s thoughts are no longer clouded by previous prejudices and humanity is recognized as one giant entity rather than separate bubbles of race.
Nonetheless, RICO laws were still able to bring down many of the top leaders, as this community organization was still responsible for multiple murders and other accounts of criminal activity as defined by their racketeering law. Chicago alone contains over 25,000 members of the Latin Kings who have been responsible for many violent acts within the city. The instatement of this type of act has encouraged many gangs to rethink their criminal activities on the off chance that they may be jailed not for the activities themselves but for repeat convictions of racketeering charges.
This post was contributed by Kimberly Peterson, who writes about online criminal justice degrees. She welcomes your feedback at KimPeterson2006 at gmail.com
In 2004 plaintiffs lawyers were in court seeking to represent a nationwide class of consumers and third-party payers against Warner-Lambert, predecessor to Pfizer. They made RICO and fraud claims, demanding more than $4 billion in damages. After nearly five years of trying, a class has yet to be certified. On May 13, 2009, Boston federal district court Judge Patti Saris denied class certification for a second time.
Saris first ruled against class certification back in August 2007, citing the plaintiffs' failure to satisfy commonality, numerosity, typicality and predominance requirements. She gave them another shot, but in her latest denial ruled that class counsel still had not shown that common questions would predominate over issues affecting individual plaintiffs.
On May 8th Norman Hsu, a former top fundraiser for the Democratic Party, pleaded guilty Thursday to running a fraudulent investment scheme, but continues to fight charges of making fraudulent political contributions.
Hsu, 58, pleaded guilty to five counts of mail fraud and five counts of wire fraud at a hearing in New York federal court, admitting that he used new investor money to pay off older investors in order to give the impression his investment scheme was legitimate. “I knew what I was doing was illegal,” Hsu said. It feels like so many years ago, but Hsu’s the guy who skipped town after a warrant for his arrest was issued, only to resurface on an Amtrak train in Colorado after having injured himself.
Jury selection is scheduled on the four remaining counts of campaign finance fraud beginning on Monday. Hsu faces up to 20 years in prison on the mail and wire fraud charges. Alan Seidler, Hsu’s lawyer, said he made the plea without having a plea agreement with the government.
Prosecutors had alleged Hsu falsely represented to investors that his companies - Components Ltd. and Next Components Ltd. - were in the business of extending short-term financing to companies and promised short-term, high-return investments.
Between 1997 and August 2007, the government claims Hsu convinced investors to entrust him with at least $60 million in a Ponzi scheme. After repaying some investors their principal and interest, Hsu allegedly swindled other investors out of at least $20 million, prosecutors said.
Cintas Corporation announced on May 7, 2009 that it has appealed the ruling issued March 9th, 2009 by the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York dismissing the company’s federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) and trademark infringement claims against the labor unions UNITE HERE, International Brotherhood of Teamsters and Change to Win.
“We strongly believe in the merits of this case and are hopeful that the Second Circuit Court of Appeals will not allow the District Court’s decision to stand,” said Scott Farmer, Chief Executive Officer of Cintas Corporation. “We disagree with the recent ruling and remain committed to protecting Cintas and our employees from the unions’ ongoing extortion,” he added.
Cintas alleges that, for the last six years, UNITE HERE and the above named labor organizations have carried on a campaign of negative, untrue and unlawful attacks against Cintas in an effort to extort concessions from the company that would enable UNITE HERE and the Teamsters to become the official bargaining representatives for Cintas employees without a valid showing of majority support and without those employees ever being able to freely decide whether they want a union.
At the outset of its corporate campaign against Cintas, Bruce Raynor, Co-President of UNITE HERE publicly stated he intended to ‘break the back’ of Cintas if the company did not agree to his demands. The company has long maintained that the right to choose whether to be a member of a union belongs to each individual employee, and has continually reiterated its commitments to protect its employees’ rights to the secret ballot election process.
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